CBSE Class 12 Physics: Key Concepts, Theories, & More

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) class 12 physics is one of the most commonly studied subjects, with over 1.7 million students appearing for the exams annually. The concepts within this subject are extremely crucial for anyone who hopes to pursue higher education in the field of science and technology. In order to help you improve your score, we have compiled a detailed 12th physics guide of CBSE Class 12: Key Concepts, Theories, & More. So, let's get started.

Key Concepts

The first step in preparing for any standardized test is to familiarize yourself with the material that you will need to know. For the CBSE Class 12 physics exam you will need to know the following topics:

• physics of matter

• theory of gravitation

• electromagnetism

• special relativity

• general relativity

• quantum mechanics

• nuclear physics

• optics

• heat

• sound waves

You should also practice solving physics problems from previous years' questions and papers. The practice tests are a great way to ensure you have understood the concepts and can apply them confidently in the exam situation. You will also need to ensure that you have familiarized yourself with the format of the exam. The CBSE Physics exam is a 200 question multiple-choice test. Each question is scored 0, 1, or 2 based on your answer. The questions will be random but, as with any other exam, similar questions will appear more frequently than different ones. This means that you will need to prepare for a steady stream of questions regarding electromagnetism and quantum mechanics. A score of at least 80% on the paper is required to graduate high school.

Theories

Physics is a subject that has changed and evolved dramatically over the last century. The latest theories and discoveries are frequently incorporated into school textbooks and, at times, replace the older, more traditional theories used in the past. The following will examine some of the more established theories within physics and how they relate to the current state of knowledge:

• Newton's Laws of Motion

• Lorentz's Theory of Relativistic Phenomena

• Einstein's Theory of Relativity

• Planck's Law

• Quantum Mechanics

Newton's laws of motion deal with the relationship between an object's mass, its velocity, and its acceleration. This area of physics is called classical mechanics. The first law states that an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and the second law dictates that an object in motion tends to stay in motion. The third law, known as the law of equal and opposite action, states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. These laws explain much about the physical world around us but they are not always easy to apply. For example, in many cases the third law can be simplified to: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This is why Newton's laws are still relevant in the 21st century.

Mathematics

Along with historical changes, new mathematical methods and theories crop up from time to time within physics. These tools and theories are frequently used to facilitate the study of physics or to explain the results of experiments performed in the field. It is essential that you have a good grasp of calculus, including its applications, in order to understand much about modern physics. The following topics will be covered in the exam:

• Differential Equations

• Vector Analysis

• Linear Algebra

• Quadratic Equations

• Trigonometry

Differential equations are another important part of classical physics. These are equations that relate two or more quantities that change over time. For example, the velocity of an object can be determined by the ratio of its mass and the square of its elapsed time. Since these are relatively simple equations, they can be used to model a variety of physical situations. However, solving differential equations by hand can be rather tedious, and for complex situations, the process can be rather exhausting. Fortunately, there are many useful and easy-to-use tools available to assist you in this process. Some of the more popular and helpful software packages for solving differential equations include Mathematica, Maple, and Wolfram Alpha.

More

While the above subjects represent the absolute basics of what you will need to know for the CBSE Class 12 physics exam, there is still more you can do to improve your odds of passing. Some of the topics that will help you are as follows:

• Use a Calculator

• Know Your Assumptions

• Study Theories And Their Predictions

• Use Simpler Equations

• Remember The Past

• Get Some Sleep

Most calculators come with an integral calculator function or a scientific calculator function. These will make complicated mathematical problems simpler to solve. However, it still requires some knowledge of how to use them effectively. If you are not familiar with how to use a scientific calculator, there are many simple tricks you can perform using simple arithmetic that will make this process much simpler. For example, many scientific calculators will give you the square root of a number using the following formula:

This is much easier to use than having to perform the following steps:

1) Take the square root of the number you are finding

2) Multiply the result by itself

3) Subtract 1 from the result

It's a simple trick but one that will make a world of difference.

Remember, practice makes perfect!